Conditional Sentence is a grammar that is used to express a reality that may or may not happen. Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. There are several types of Conditional Sentence: Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.
In a conditional sentence, two sentences of the Main Clause and Sub Clause / If Clause. Main clause referred to as a result, while the Sub Clause / If clause referred to as the cause. Location of Sub Clause / If clause can be behind or in front.
1. Conditional Sentence Type 1 (Present/Future Possibility)
Conditional sentence type 1 is a form of conditional sentences are used to declare an event that may occur in the present or the future if the qualifications are met. Because conditional sentence type1 may occur in the present or future use of the fact that the form Simple Present Tense or Simple Future Tense.
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Pattern:
| Main Clause |
If | Sub Clause/If Clause |
| Simple Future Tense | Simple Present Tense | |
| S + will + verb 1 + O | S + verb 1 (s/es) + O | |
| Or | Or | |
| S + will + be + Complement | S + is, am, are + Complement |
Example:
a. He will pick Her up if She comes from Palembang
Fact: There is possibility She comes from Singapore so He picks Her up
b. We will be sleepy if We are tired
Fact: There is possibility We are tired so that We are sleepy
c. If She invites me, I will come to her party
Fact: There is possibility she invites me so that We are sleepy
d. If He is a groom, I will be the bride
Fact: There is possibility he is a groom so that I am a bride
2. Conditional Sentence Type 2 (Present Unreal)
Conditional sentence type 2 are used to declare an event that is not likely to occur in the present. Due to the impossibility of conditional sentence type 2 that occur in the present, then the facts of the present unreal uses the Simple Present Tense form.
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Pattern:
| Main Clause |
If | Sub Clause/If Clause |
| Simple Past Future Tense | Simple Past Tense | |
| S + would + verb 1 + O | S + verb 2 + O | |
| Or | Or | |
| S + would + be + Complement | S + were* + Complement |
* Past use of the conditional sentence tobe always used tobe were
Example:
a. He would pick Her up if She came from Palembang
Fact: He doesn’t pick Her up because She doesn’t come from Palembang
b. We would be sleepy if We were tired
Fact: We aren’t sleepy because We aren’t tired
c. If She invited me, I would come to Her party
Fact: She doesn’t invite me so I don’t come to Her party
d. If He were a groom, I would be a bride
Fact: He isn’t a groom so I’m not a bride
3. Conditional Sentence Type 3 (Past Unreal)
Conditional sentence type 3 are used to declare an event do not happen in the past. Due to the impossibility of conditional sentence 3 occurred in the past, the facts of this conditional sentence using the Simple Past Tense form.
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Pattern:
| Main Clause |
If | Sub Clause/If Clause |
| Past Future Perfect Tense | Past Perfect Tense | |
| S + would + have + verb 3 + O | S + had + verb 3 + O | |
| Or | Or | |
| S + would + have + been + Complement | S + had + been + Complement |
Example:
a. He would have picked Her up if She had come from Palembang
Fact: He didn’t pick Her up because She didn’t come from Palembang
b. We would have been sleepy if We had been tired
Fact: We were not sleepy because We were not tired
c. If She had invited me, I would have come to Her party
Fact: She didn’t invite me so I didn’t come to her party
d. If He had been a groom, I would have been a bride
Fact: He wasn’t a groom so I wasn’t a bride.
Sumber : Purnama, Puji. “Conditional Sentence”. Complete & comprehensive English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pelangi Indonesia publisher. 2011. pp. 199-203
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